THOUGHTS ON TECHNIQUE IN BUDO I

     One should train themself meticulously and then forget about it. 

  Ultimately, the reason one practices Budō or a martial art is so that one can make the art an integral part of one’s self.  In order to achieve any degree of mastery, that is, competence as well as confidence, it is necessary for one to attain a state in which he or she is able to use the best possible techniques instinctively:  without thinking.  The only way that one can accomplish this is by learning to deal with every conceivable circumstance.

      Alone, our imaginations are not always able to conceive of every possible situation; consequently, in the classes I have taught, as an unwritten adjunct to the curriculum, students are encouraged, actually they are expected, to bring possible variations to a situation up to the class, so that the other students may consider and discuss the circumstance and actively experiment with the various ways to deal with it:  good and bad.  They work out solutions and in a sense the student becomes a teacher.  By doing this, it is possible, through slight variation or innovation, to transform one technique into ten.

      One must, however, be wary of allowing their “soul to attach itself to a technique.”  That is to say, one must not become obsessed, when for example engaged in combat or practice with a sword or shinai, to become solely focused on technique.  If one is simply centered on technique, and not freeing up his mind, if one’s actions and reactions are not instinctive, then the opponent will ultimately have the opportunity to not only strike back but to win. 

      When in combat or practice, one should not think about “killing” their opponent or what technique will do the job, but rather merging and flowing with an opponent and allowing the techniques to select themselves. 

      Remember that no matter how wonderful one’s technique may be, if one is focused solely on that aspect of their art, then one, simply put, cannot win.  Once techniques are learned, practice without thinking of simply striking, parrying, or thrusting.  Let the mind go free so that the movements and techniques come freely from within one’s self.

      It is a simple fact that once one has trained themself well, their body, arms, and legs will move automatically; that is, without any conscious effort.  So, one’s mind will not be overcome by their physical movements and be able to make use of the techniques they have learned and practiced without having to think.  Once this state of mind has been reached, no misgivings or wavering will occur.  There is no enemy or opponent, not even a tengu or a demon, who will be able to find an opportunity to effectively attack.

      One should train themself meticulously and then forget about it.  One should toss aside their mind and thus follow the Way without actually being conscious of it.  This is a obscurity of all ways and arts, be it Aikidō, Iaidō, Judō, Karate-Dō, Kendō, Aikijutsu, Iaijutsu, or Kenjutsu.

Copyright 2010 by Hayato Tokugawa, Sekishinkan Tokugawa Dojo, and Shisei-Do Publications.  All rights reservffed.

      

Amatai no Shugo-ryū: Goals, Ki, and State of Mind

  

      Achieving our two essential goals in the practice of Amatai no Shugo-ryu, that is the cutting of an opponent while avoiding being cut and the perfection of character, require an keen awareness of both the physical and mental aspects of each interaction between training partners or opponents.  Equally important is the ability to feel the exchange of energy, ki, between the participants.  One’s state of mind is critical to this; for, a negative state of mind will interfere with one’s ability to achieve the purpose of each exercise in practice.   Anger, impatience and selfishness can limit one’s awareness and prevent them from determining their opponent’s intent.

      On the other hand, proper practice does have a significant, positive effect on one’s state of mind.  By putting one’s body and mind into action through the practice of kata and drills, while being focused on the key elements and asking one’s self questions about one’s strategy, the tendency is to disrupt anger and promote patience and cooperation.  Happiness, patience and cooperation:  all make the smooth flow of ki between training partners possible; therefore, each person is better able to react properly.

      The more one is able to live in the moment and put aside all irrelevant thoughts and respond intuitively to perceived subtle changes of strength or weakness, the more one is able to sense the ki.  To achieve such a state of mind is not easy; however, once one is really aware of the ki component in Kenjutsu, one can then begin to learn to control their attacker’s intent.

      This is a valuable goal and it is not by chance that the same qualities one develops in the dojo will help them to become better people outside.  Those who truly seek enlightenment, the “Way”, as Miyamoto Musashi put it, try hard to develop specific qualities within themselves:  to live within the moment, to put aside irrelevant thought, and to allow intuition to guide them to correct action.  As one studies Amatai no Shugo-ryū, they can attain a similar state of mind both inside the dojo and when they leave at the end of the day.

Strategy in Amatai no Shugo-ryū (Part 4): Strategies for 2010

      

     As we have seen, strategy is a plan of action that is intended to accomplish a specific goal.  Tactics are methods that one utilizes to achieve a particular end or goal; thus, strategy refers to one’s general plan of action and one’s tactics are the methods used to accomplish that plan.  Methods can themselves be categorized into techniques, which will enable one to establish the proper frame of mind and action that will lead to the efficient accomplishment of their goals.

      This is so vital to one’s success in the dojo and one’s success in Kenjutsu; however, with the new year of 2010, we should also be aware that it is these same things – strategy, tactics, techniques – which can play as equally vital a role in our daily lives as in the art of swordsmanship.  Let us look to Miyamoto Musashi for his insight into this “strategy for life.”

      In Go Rin Sho, his Book of the Five Rings, Musashi made two points concerning this.  First, that one must choose a goal before one can accomplish it; and secondly, the more difficult one’s goal is, the more effort they must put into achieving it.  Now, Musashi’s goal, one he established before even reaching his teens, was (even though perhaps unspoken) to become a great swordsman:  the greatest in Japan.  An extraordinary ambition for anyone let alone a youth in Sengoku Period Japan.

      There are probably few goals in modern life that could compare with the goals that Musashi set for himself; however, all accomplishment, all success starts with goals.  Musashi tells us to be ambitions in setting goals; ambitious goals will help one to focus their energies, abilities, and actions to their maximum effort.

      New years, it is said, is a time of resolution.  With the coming of 2010, we should reflect on our lives, what we have achieved and what we have failed to achieve.  We should take the time to think of what we want and can do in the coming year.  We should then take the time to form strategies, and determine the tactics and techniques that will enable us to achieve our goals and be successful; be it at our job, in our homes, with our families, or with ourselves.  Realistic goals, well-thought strategies, carefully selected tactics and techniques, should make 2010 a good year for us all.

Strategy in Amatai no Shugo-ryū (Part 3)

     One might well ask, “What is the difference between strategy and tactics, or between tactics and technique?”  Well, they are each distinctively different; yet, they also go hand in hand.  Remember, we have defined strategy as a plan of action that is intended to accomplish a specific goal.  Tactics can be defined as a procedure, or a set of maneuvers which one engages in to achieve a particular end or goal.  So then, strategy refers to one’s general plan of action and one’s tactics are the methods used in order to accomplish the plan.

      Methods can be categorized even further into techniques.  Techniques, with practice, will instill in one the intuitive response that will enable one to act within a tactical frame of mind and efficiently accomplish their strategic goals through the interaction of the sword.

      As mentioned above, strategy, tactics and techniques go hand in hand and thus, often overlap.  It is important to keep in mind however, the distinctions between them.  Too illustrate, let us consider a reaction to a straight, downward strike with a katana.  The basic goal, the strategy, is to cut the opponent without being cut.  There are numerous ways to accomplish this particular goal.   One tactic that could be employed to achieve this end would be to move to one’s side, then counter strike.  A technique which could be utilized to do this would be for one to step forward and to the right with the right foot, whle rasing one’s sword overhead; then pivot back and out of the way with the left foot while executing a downward cut or lateral, decapitating strike.

      Strategy then, is something that is accomplished by means of tactics, which in turn, consist of techniques.  By being aware of the different facets of each encounter, one allows themselves the opportunity to focus their attention in such a manner that the effectiveness of one’s training is taken full advantage of.  By examining an encounter in broad terms, one can determine their goal.  By narrowing one’s perspective, one can then determine what tactic(s) best suit the accomplishment of that goal.  Having done so, one should then select the techinque0s) which will make up the tactics and then practice them until they are literally done without conscious thought:  automatic or intuitive.  Practice, however, does not stop there.  One needs to practice and practice more until one’s reflexive abilities and knowledge are such that we perform them at the very instant they are needed.  One might consider it in this way:  one’s goal is reflexive abilities and knowledge that “kick in” automatically the second they are required.  The tactic to accomplish this goal is study and practice of the techniques we are taught.

      As will be discussed later, the value of all of this extends well beyond the walls of the dojo.  If one pursues their goals in this exact manner, one can accomplish great things and have a significant and pleasing upon their character.

     

Copyright 2009 by Hayato Tokugawa and Shisei-Do Publications.  All rights reserved.

Strategy in Amatai no Shugo-ryū (Part 2)

To cut the opponent while avoiding being cut is in one sense largely external, because it depends, in part, on technique and strategies which are taught and learned.  The second goal, to progress in the direction of perfection of character, is more internal, as it comes from within each of us; yet, it is equally as valid.  Both of these objectives are keys to the proper practice of the art of swordsmanship and every subsequent goal is derived from them.

      To cut an opponent while at the same time not being cut is, as noted above, a largely external goal.  It relates to one’s physical actions as well as to those of their opponent.  If one thinks about it, however, “to cut an opponent while not being cut” is also a theoretical goal, in that in modern Japanese society, we do not typically use the katana as a weapon.  The modern trend is to place far less emphasis on the killing ability of the katana and instead focus on its character as a tool by which one adds or modifies character and self-discipline.  It is however, necessary to keep in mind the true, fighting purpose of the katana.  One must maintain a concept of the practical reasons for the art of swordsmanship; thus anchoring one to a sense of martial practicality.  Each decision one makes; how to hold a sword, how to stand, how to move, how to think; must be based on the actual principles of fighting with the katana; otherwise one’s actions are no longer fixed in the art and its traditions.

      Within our dojo, “to cut an opponent while not being cut” is taken quite seriously, both in discussion of tactics and techniques, as well as in practice.  Wearing full bogu[i], it becomes a practical matter of not being “whacked” by bokken or shinai – both potentially a painful experience.  The intent of such a practice, among others, is not a competition, but rather to take matters one step further in providing a real, tangible means of fixing in one’s mind in the true, practical aspects, traditions, and history of swordsmanship.

      The perfection of character, an internal end, relates directly to the state of one’s mind and spirit.  It is equally a real goal although difficult to achieve.  It is possible through practice to improve one’s awareness, thought patterns, self-discipline, even one’s integrity and ability to live harmoniously within the community, in keeping with the principles of Wa-Dō.  Granted, there is no actual need to develop the skills of sword fighting; yet, there does exist a true need for one to refine themselves and to work toward the betterment of themselves and their community.

      The more one follows their quest to accomplish the first goal, the more one makes press along the path to the second.  Time spent well in practicing kata, in drills, and in other training with the sword, the more the internal goals are achieved.  Therefore, when one speaks of strategy, one addresses both the most successful ways to use a sword and the most effective ways to utilizing swordsmanship to fashion one’s spirit.

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[i] Bogu (防具) is the specially developed protective armor used in Japanese martial arts, particulary in Kendō.  A complete set consist of: men (面), the facefask and shoulder protector or helmet; the dō (胴) or torso protector; the kote (小手) or hand and forearm protectors (long, extended gloves); tare (垂れ) the leg and groin protector.

      The men which protects the face, neck and shoulders, consists of a facemask with several horizontal metal bars, running across the entire width of the face, from the chin to the upper forehead. To this is attached a long, rectangular, thick cloth padding, which curves over the top of the head and extends to cover the shoulders.  A plate to protect the throat is also attached to the bottom of the facemask.  The men is held in place with a pair of cords, which wrap around the head and are tied at the back.  Note that the men is left open for ventilation and thus the back of the head is left unprotected.  This is primarily due to the fact that there is no prescribed nor permitted stroke to the back of the head.

      The main component of the dō is the curved stomach and chest protector.  In its modern form, the dō has a distinct bulge, which helps convey the force of a strike away from the soft, middle areas of the torso.  Lacquered bamboo has traditionally used however, molded plastic or fiberglass is now frequently used instead.  The dō is held in place from the shoulders by two diagonal ties from the shoulders and a small set of ties at the back.

      The kote are gloves that resemble long-sleeved mittens, designed specifically for Kendō.  While they look cumbersome, they indeed provide a high degree of mobility for hands and writs in gripping in gripping and wielding the shina (the traditional split bamboo “sword” of Kendō.

      The tare is a thick, padded, cloth belt that wraps around the waist and ties under the front flap.  The padded flaps that hang from the belt protect both the upper legs as well as the groin area.

Strategy in Amatai no Shugo-ryū (Part I)

      Saya no uchi.  Saya no uchi no kachi.  Victory with the sword still in the scabbard.  The words almost shout at the swordsman, exhorts him, to remember that physical combat is always the last resort.  No matter how confident one may think they are, how many techniques they may know, a master of strategy will always find a way to win without fighting.  This is a  message that is not unique to our dojo; rather, it has been passed down through the ages.

      Sun Tsu once said:

      To fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence;

Supreme excellence consists of breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.

Did not Miyamoto Musashi make this a central point of his Go Rin No Sho, The book of the Five Rings?  Did not Yagyū Munenori, founder of the Edo Branch of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū from which Amatai no Shugo-ryu draws so much, preach this very thing time and again?

      The path to mastery of Amatai no Shugo-ryū, Yagyū Shinkage-ryū, or any form of Kenjutsu is long indeed.  Before anyone can achieve success by virtue of intellect or willpower, they must have a deep understanding of the principles of swordsmanship and of a nature which will allow them to act in keeping with those principles.  One can only acquire this through constant, long-term practice and the study of strategy; which includes the old texts by those Musashi and Yagyū Munenori, among others.

      Simply put, strategy is a plan of action with the intention of accomplishing a specific objective.  A true swordsman practices his art with two very definite objectives in mind:

n     To cut the opponent while avoiding being cut.

n     To progress in the direction of perfection of character.

To cut the opponent while avoiding being cut is in one sense largely external, because it depends, in part, on technique and strategies which are taught and learned.  The second goal, to progress in the direction of perfection of character, is more internal, as it comes from within each of us; yet, it is equally as valid.  Both of these objectives are keys to the proper practice of the art of swordsmanship and every subsequent goal is derived from them.

THE CORE OF BUSHIDO

THE CORE OF BUSHIDŌ

If we wish to find the core of Bushido, we must I think, look at it in its historical context.  To do that, I would like to use a metaphor, first put forward by Nitobé Inazo in his book on Bushidō, worn as it may be; I think it is still viable.  Certainly, we do not need all the flowery rhetoric or the cryptic European references of Nitobé to grasp what is truly simple.

If we think of Bushidō as the sakura, the cherry blossom, and think of how plants live, our search may become clearer.  Japan, of course, is the soil and without the proper soil, no plant can flourish.  Some will whither and die quickly, others will struggle over a long time, trying to survive, but never growing beyond some stunted weed.  Japan, more than anywhere in the world, was the right “soil” for Bushidō.’  The seeds came to Japan long ago from China, who in many ways is the “Mother of Japan”.  The seeds came in the form of Confucius and then his disciple Mencius.  If one wishes to understand Bushidō, then look to the seeds themselves:  Analects by Confucius and simply The Mencius.  Along with these two great fathers came Wang Yang-ming and Lao Tse; thus, the great seeds of Asian thought came riding across the sea to eventually take root in Japan.

The sakura, like any plant, not only needs soil, it needs nourishment and Shintō was just such nutrition for Bushidō.  Native to Japan, growing out of the sea with the land, it was there waiting to embrace Bushidō and to give it all that it could.  Perhaps the greatest gifts of Shintō were its sense of patriotism, loyalty, reverence for ancestors, and the love of family and parents, which from its birth, lay at the very heart of Bushidō, as it does today.  Look in any dojo and you will see the character of Shintō present:  from the walls to the etiquette of those who practice there.

Seeds, soil, nourishment, are fine but our analogy still lacks something.  The sakura needs sun and rain which was supplied in abundance by first Buddhism and later its refinement of Zen, which went directly to the growth and development of the samurai character – the Samurai Spirit, and provided for the growth and development of Bushidō on the most personal of levels.

Bushidō was exclusive only to Japan.  Despite Nitobé’s analogies to European chivalry, they are as different as night and day.  Bushidō could only have existed in Japan.  It was so destined.

NOT JUST ANOTHER DOJO

NOT JUST ANOTHER DŌJŌ

     A dōjō is classically a place of training; typically the formal place for students of Budō and other forms of martial arts to study and train, but certainly, the education and training offered within a dōjō has never been limited just to martial arts.  A dōjō was and is a place of study in subjects also more spiritual, more introspective or meditative in nature, even artistic pursuits may be fitting subject matter.

     Yes, we do teach Budō, which has been one of our great passions for decades.  We offer students a detailed program in Amatai no Shugo-ryū or Multitude of Dragons School, a shinden or modern ryū (ryū can mean school or also dragon) drawn from several traditional forms of Budō.  Yet, beyond our martial program, the Way of the Sword and the Way of the Empty Hand, we offer the student an opportunity to learn how not just to live, but to live better, and can lead one to the path of health and self-cultivation as an individual and as a valuable, prosperous, contributing member of the community.

     The etiquette, training methods, equipment and techniques of Amatai no Shugo-ryū are the product of a long, proud historical development.  The philosophical concepts taught at Shisei-Dō Dōjō are the very concepts that have helped shape the art, aesthetics, ethics and philosophy that stand at the core of Japanese culture.

     For us then, Shisei-Dō  (至誠道 ) is the way of the height of enthusiasm in each project we undertake and the way we live. Everything we do, everything we study and teach here, whether it is Amatai no Shugo-ryū Aikijutsū, Iaido, Wa-Dō, or how to find peace, harmony and prosperity in our lives, is a work of love, done with the greatest enthusiasm.

     The name Shisei-Dō Dōjō is based upon the words and teachings of one of Japan’s greatest intellectuals and educators, Yoshida Shōin (吉田 松陰) who lived and died a premature death during the last days of the Tokugawa Shōgunate, a time of great political and social upheaval.He once wrote: 

Shisei ni shite ugokkazaru mono wa, immadakore arazarunari

"If one has shisei to do something, if one does something with shisei, if one does not forget shisei when one does something, one can accomplish anything."

     A part of our philosophy, our approach to what we do at the Shisei-Dō Dōjō, how we go about it, and how we live can be summed up in the following creed:

• To mold the mind and body.
• To cultivate a vigorous spirit,
• To hold in esteem human courtesy and honor,
• To associate with others with sincerity,
• To forever pursue the cultivation of oneself.

Thus will one be able:

• To love ones country and society.
• To contribute to the development of culture
• And to promote peace and prosperity among all peoples.

Copyright 2009 by Shisei-Do Dojo and Shisei-Do Publications.  All rights reserved.

SHISEI-DO DOJO: Defining Who We Are.

SHISEI-DO DŌJŌ : Defining Who We Are

SHISEI-DO DŌJŌ : The Meaning of Dōjō?

Dōjō (道場 ) is a Japanese term which simply means “place of the way,” and can refer to a formal place of training for any Dō or Japanese art.  Classically, the dōjō has been regarded as the formal place for students of Budō or Japanese martial arts to train in, but certainly, the education and training offered within a dōjō need not be limited to martial arts but can instead be (and often is) more spiritual, introspective or meditative in nature.

SHISEI-DO DŌJŌ : The Meaning of Shisei-Dō

至 誠

The name Shisei-Dō Dōjō is based upon the words and teachings of one of Japan’s greatest intellectuals and educators, Yoshida Shōin (吉田 松陰) who lived and died a premature death during the last days of the Tokugawa Shōgunate, a time of great political and social upheaval.

He once wrote: 

Shisei ni shite ugokkazaru mono wa, immadakore arazarunari

The first word in the quotation, shisei, is key to what we believe at the Shisei-Dō Dōjō and it is why we exist. Shi (至) means the height of or the ultimate in something; sei (誠) refers to what is called "heart's blood", unaffected or unrestrained sincerity, wholeheartedness, eagerness, or enthusiasm. Do (道) means the path or the way.

For us then, Shisei-Dō  (至誠道) is the way of the height of enthusiasm in each project we undertake and the way we live. Everything we do, everything we study and teach here, whether it is Amatai no Shugo-ryū Aikijutsū, Iaido, Wa-Dō, or how to find peace, harmony and prosperity in our lives, is a work of love, done with the greatest enthusiasm.

Shisei ni shite ugokkazaru mono wa, imadakore arazarunari.

"If one has shise to do something, if one does something with shisei, if one does not forget shisei when one does something, one can accomplish anything."

-Yoshida Shōin

AN INTRODUCTION TO WA: An Application to Business and Commerce in the Modern World

 AN INTRODUCTION TO WA:

An Application to Business and Commerce in the Modern World

Wa, a traditional concept unique to Japan and derived from the ancient meaning of peace and harmony, which today can be regarded as close associations or “circles”, is the key to Japanese economic success because it gives them a significant advantage over Western nations. In Japan, employees and managers function in human orientated "circles" instead of the series of horizontal layers favored by Western management:

. . . Wa incorporates mutual trust between management and labor, unselfish cooperation between management and labor, harmonious relations among employees on all levels, unstinting loyalty to the company, mutual responsibility, job security, freedom from competitive pressure from other employees, and collective responsibility for both decisions and results.

Boye DeMente, Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business,

1993, NTC Publishing Group.

As we will see in future articles, the Way of Wa, or Wa-Dō, and all it has to offer extends well beyond business and commerce and can be applied directly to our everyday lives and how we relate to ourselves, our friends and family, and our community.

Konosuke Matsushita codified Wa into seven objectives called the Way of Wa:

Seven Commandments of "Wa":

• National Service Through Industry
• Harmony
• Cooperation
• Struggle for Betterment
• Courtesy and Humility
• Adjustment and Assimilation
• Gratitude